"Do America's new food rules really make sense?"

America has published new dietarydietary: Of, or relating to diet — 饮食的 guidelinesguideline: A general rule or piece of advice indicating how something should be done. — 指导方针；准则dietary guidelines: official advice from a government on what people should eat to stay healthy — 膳食指南, which appeared on January 7th, and they tell people what to eat for good health. Some nutritionnutrition: The process of providing or obtaining food necessary for health and growth. — 营养；营养学 experts are pleased with the advice, but many others are worried about it. The new advice may look helpful at first glanceglance: A brief or hurried look at something. — 一瞥；匆匆一看. Yet if you eat what it actually says, you will easily go past the healthy limitslimit: the greatest amount of something that is allowed or possible — 限制；限度 setset: To put something in a particular place or position, or to decide on a time, amount, etc. — 设置；放置；确定 inside the same documentdocument: Any material substance on which the information is represented by writing — 文字载体，书写材料.

The general message is not new or controversialcontroversial: Arousing controversy; being the subject of, or causing, a debate or argument — 引起争议的；有争论的, and it repeats what earlier guidelines and most nutritionistsnutritionist: An expert or specialist in nutrition or nutritionistics — 营养师 have said for many years. Eat lots of fresh fruit and vegetables, and choose foods rich in proteinprotein: A nutrient found in food such as meat, eggs, and beans that is essential for body growth and repair. — 蛋白质. Pick whole grainsgrain: a seed of wheat, rice, or other cereal plant; also cereals in general — 谷物；谷粒 rather than refinedrefined: Cultured, freed from vulgarity, particularly: — 高雅的 ones like white bread. Avoid sugarysugary: Of food, drink, etc, containing or covered with a large amount of sugar — 含糖的 drinks and processed foodsprocessed foods: foods that have been changed from their natural state, often with added sugar, salt, or chemicals — 加工食品 with many added chemicalschemical: Any specific chemical element or chemical compound or alloy — 化学物质 you cannot easily pronounce, and cut down on alcoholalcohol: Drinks such as beer, wine, or spirits that can make people drunk. — 酒；酒精 as well.

Many experts are angry about one big change in the new advice. The guidelines now push people to eat more meat and animal fats, including butter and beef tallowtallow: A hard animal fat obtained from suet, etc.; used in cooking as well as to make candles, soap and lubricants — 牛脂, which they call "healthy fats". The picture next to the guidelines is an upside-down pyramidpyramid: A construction in the shape of a pyramid, usually with a square or rectangular base — 锥形结构: meat, dairy productsdairy products: foods made from milk, such as cheese, yoghurt and butter — 乳制品 and vegetables sit at the top, so people should eat lots of them. Grains sit at the bottom and should be eaten only in small amounts. A fattyfatty: Containing, composed of, or consisting of fat — 含脂肪的 steaksteak: (by extension) A relatively large, thick slice or slab cut from another animal, a vegetable, etc — 厚切肉块, cheese, whole milk and a thick piece of butter fill most of the protein section.

The problem with this picture is simple. Fats from red meat and animal foods are mostly the saturatedsaturate: Saturated; wet — 饱和的 kind, and this kind of fat raises the level of cholesterolcholesterol: The level of cholesterol in the body — 胆固醇水平 in your blood. High cholesterol is a major riskrisk: A possible adverse event or outcome — 风险 factorrisk factor: something that makes a bad health outcome more likely — 风险因素 for heart attacks and other heart problems. A healthier choice is unsaturatedunsaturated: (of a solution) Not saturated; capable of dissolving more of a solute at the same temperature — 未饱和的 fat, which is the main kind in vegetable oilsvegetable oils: cooking oils made from plant sources rather than animal fat — 植物油. These oils come from olivesolive: A tree, Olea europaea, cultivated since ancient times in the Mediterranean for its fruit and the oil obtained from it — 橄榄树, rapeseedrapeseed: The rape plant itself — 油菜植株 (also called canola) or sunflowersunflower: A bright yellow, like that of the flower petals — 向日葵黄 seeds. RFK junior, America's health chiefchief: The leader or head of a group, organisation, or tribe — 首领, has longlong: For a great amount of time — 长时间 dislikeddislike: To not like someone or something. — 不喜欢；厌恶 seed oils, and he has called them poisonouspoisonous: Containing poison; capable of causing illness or death. — 有毒的. However, science does not support this claimclaim: To say that something is true, even though it has not been proved. — 声称；宣称；索赔.

The new focus on meat and butter is also at oddsodd: the probability or likelihood of something happening or being the case — 几率；可能性；概率 withat odds with: in disagreement or conflict with — 与……相矛盾 another rule inside the guidelines. They say that people should keep their saturated fat under about 20 to 30 grams a day. One fatty steak alone may push you past that limitlimit: the greatest amount of something that is allowed or possible — 限制；限度. Three servingsserving: The action of the verb to serve — 服务行为 of full-fat dairy add about 15 more grams to the daily totaltotal: An amount obtained by the addition of smaller amounts — 总数. Each spoon of butter or beef tallow adds another 7 grams on top of that.

The protein target in the new guidelines is also too high for most people. The advice is to eat 1.2 to 1.6 grams of protein per kilogramkilogram: The unit of weight such that a one-kilogram mass is also a one-kilogram weight — 公斤 of body weightbody weight: how much a person weighs — 体重 each day. For someone who weighsweigh: to measure how heavy something or someone is — 称重；重达 80 kilogramskilogram: The unit of weight such that a one-kilogram mass is also a one-kilogram weight — 公斤, that means about three lean chicken breastsbreast: Either of the two soft, rounded parts on a woman's chest; the front part of a bird's body. — 乳房；胸部. A vegetarianvegetarian: A person who does not eat animal flesh, or, in some cases, use any animal products — 素食者 would need 17 eggs, one kilogram of cooked beans, or 3.3 litreslitre: A metric unit of capacity equal to 1,000 cubic centimetres. — 升；公升 of milk. Most people simplysimply: in an easy or plain way; just; only — 简单地；仅仅 do not need this much protein, and the World Health Organisation suggests that 0.8 grams per kilogram is enough. Protein helps the body build and keep musclemuscle: a piece of body tissue that you can tighten and relax to move parts of your body — 肌肉, so the higher amount is needed only for people who lift heavy weights at the gym.

The basicbasic: Forming the most important or fundamental part of something; simple. — 基本的；基础的 idea behind the guidelines is still sensiblesensible: Easily perceived; appreciable. — 明智的；合情合理的 enough: eat a balancedbalanced: Having equal or appropriate proportions; fair and impartial. — 平衡的；均衡的 dietbalanced diet: a way of eating that includes the right amounts of all kinds of food — 均衡饮食 of fresh food, cooked in a healthy way at home. But do not eat too many caloriescalorie: The gram calorie or small calorie, a non-SI unit of energy, equivalent to approximately 4.2 joules. This unit was widely used in chemistry and physics, being the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 °C — 小卡 or too much animal fat.